Holding that all persons are created in the image and likeness of God, the Church most certainly does not condemn homosexual persons … (but) condemns using human sexuality for purposes contrary to that for which it is divinely intended … including homosexual acts. … It is the act, not the person which is the issue.
Despite the “glamorization” of homosexuality in modern society, we do not serve the good of our fellow man by encouraging this approach. Sacred Scripture clearly teaches that God does not condone homosexual acts. 1 Consequently, the Church has consistently taught that homosexual acts are a violation of Catholic sexual ethics. 2 Unfortunately, those who advocate such acts attempt to ridicule orthodox Church teaching by misstating authentic Church teaching as condemning not simply acts, but homosexual persons themselves. Holding that all persons are created in the image and likeness of God, the Church most certainly does not condemn homosexual persons. The Church condemns using human sexuality for purposes contrary to that for which it is divinely intended, which includes engaging in homosexual acts. We must understand it is the act, not the person which is the issue. Let us considers this point in further detail.
Homosexuality is defined as “relations between men, or between women, who experience exclusive or predominant sexual attraction towards persons of the same sex.” 3 While the exact “causes” of homosexual orientation remain uncertain, until relatively recently, most psychiatrists considered this orientation an abnormal condition. In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association changed its diagnostic manual to reflect the term “sexual orientation disturbance.” This was modified in 1978 to “egodystoni” (“distressful to the patient”); with all reference dropped in 1987. The psychiatric community admitted at the time that this move did not “so much reflect a scientific judgment on the cause or nature of homosexuality, as the view that to label homosexuality as abnormal is to stigmatize persons who are content with this condition, and to encourage homophobia and discrimination against them.” 4 Note here that we are not “labeling” the person; we are speaking of “orientation,” not person. Indeed, as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) teaches, “the Church provides a badly needed context for the care of the human person when she refuses to consider the person as a ‘heterosexual’ or a ‘homosexual,’ and insists that every person has a fundamental identity: the creature of God, and by grace, his child and heir to eternal life.” 5 The importance of understanding human sexuality in the light of a proper understanding of the human person, male and female, is a point to which we shall return.
Let us first consider what Sacred Scripture explicitly teaches regarding homosexual acts. We find numerous, clear admonishments of homosexual acts in both the Old and New Testaments of Sacred Scripture. In the Old Testament, we find references such as the Lord’s destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah due to the men’s unnatural sex acts (Gen. 19:1-29); while in Leviticus, we read such explicit statements as: “You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination” (Lev. 18:22), and even sterner: “If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them” (Lev. 20:13). We find similar warnings in the New Testament, including 1 Corinthians 6:10, and 1 Timothy 1:10. Saint Paul in his letter to the Romans tells us these acts results from an abandonment of God:
Therefore, God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.
For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error (Rom. 1:26-27).
We must remember in reading Sacred Scripture, as the CDF tells us in Persona Humana, the focus is on the act: “In Sacred Scripture, they (homosexual acts) are condemned as a serious depravity, and even presented as the sad consequence of rejecting God. This judgment of Scripture does not, of course, permit us to conclude that all those who suffer from this anomaly are personally responsible for it; but, it does attest to the fact that homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered, and can in no case be approved of.” 6 In other words, Sacred Scripture does not “automatically” condemn the person with a homosexual orientation. However, Sacred Scripture makes clear that engaging in homosexual acts is disordered, unnatural, and, under no circumstances, is approved.
Despite the clear teaching of Persona Humana, following its publication, in some circles “an overly benign interpretation was given to the homosexual condition itself, some going so far as to call it neutral, or even good.” 7 To counter this growing trend, the CDF issued its Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons in October 1986. In this letter, the CDF stated the issue clearly: “Although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is more or less a strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder.” 8 The CDF also addressed the issue of “new” exegesis of Sacred Scripture, which claimed it can only be interpreted as applying to a particular culture in a particular time. The CDF countered this statement:
What should be noticed is that, in the presence of such remarkable diversity, there is nevertheless a clear consistency within the Scriptures themselves on the moral issue of homosexual behavior. The Church’s doctrine regarding this issue is thus based, not on isolated phrases for facile theological argument, but on the solid foundation of a constant Biblical testimony. The community of faith today, in unbroken continuity with the Jewish and Christian communities within which the ancient Scriptures were written, continues to be nourished by those same Scriptures and by the Spirit of Truth whose Word they are. It is likewise essential to recognize that the Scriptures are not properly understood when they are interpreted in a way which contradicts the Church’s living Tradition. To be correct, the interpretation of Scripture must be in substantial accord with that Tradition. 9
Why is there such a strong prohibition against homosexual acts? Very simply, such acts go against the nature of proper human sexuality. In order to understand the problem with homosexual acts, we must first understand the proper role of human sexuality. Our foundational rule, derived from the personalistic norm, 10 is that one may never use another person as merely means for an end. Using a person in this way violates the very essence of the other, founded in his God-given free will, and self-determination. 11 Failing to abide by the personalistic norm, leads almost directly to a sense of utilitarianism, placing a personal relativistic “good” as the basis of morality. The utilitarian seeks subjectively defined pleasure, avoiding subjectively defined pain. As its basis, this philosophy treats other persons as mere “things” for one’s use in obtaining pleasure and avoiding pain.12
Man possesses a natural “sexual urge.” This sexual urge is not an uncontrollable, animal instinct, but instead is at the control of one’s intellect. Through free will, the person is able to use his sexual urge as he sees fit. However, free will does not make every choice correct or ethical. In his free will, man is able to freely choose the path of good, or the path of evil; in his actions he reveals himself. With regards to the sexual urge, its proper use, as seen in natural law, is the continued existence of the species. This proper nature of human sexuality can only be expressed in the union of a male and a female; for it is only this type of union which opens the path to procreation. A homosexual “union” is inherently incapable of procreation and, therefore, stands in stark opposition to the proper nature of the sexual urge. 13
Further, due to its nature, human sexuality is properly expressed only in the union of man and woman as husband and wife. Both the Bible, and consistent Church teaching, declare that sexual intercourse is a moral good only within the context of marriage. Therefore, sexual intercourse between unmarried persons is not permissible. As Father Kenneth Baker writes, “sexual intercourse represents and expresses a permanent, mutual gift of self which is realized only in marriage…sexual intercourse between a man and a woman gives exterior expression to the interior love that exists between them.” 14 From this, we can see that the nature of marriage has two aims: the education of children to maturity, and the growth of love and friendship between man and wife. These aims simply cannot be obtained in homosexual acts. 15 Indeed, as the CDF says:
To choose someone of the same sex for one’s sexual activity is to annul the rich symbolism and meaning, not to mention the goals, of the Creator’s sexual design. Homosexual activity is not a complementary union, able to transmit life; and so it thwarts the call to a life of that form of self-giving which the Gospel says is the essence of Christian living. This does not mean that homosexual persons are not often generous and giving of themselves; but when they engage in homosexual activity they confirm within themselves a disordered sexual inclination which is essentially self-indulgent. 16
We mentioned utilitarianism earlier; let us return again to this point. There is little escaping the fact that homosexual acts—since they are fundamentally incapable of fulfilling the proper norms of human sexuality—are inherently utilitarian. Homosexual acts “seek the pleasure of the orgasm, isolated from any genuinely and authentically satisfying human good. 17 The homosexual act becomes about using another person as mere means to the end of one’s own sexual gratification. Such an action, even in heterosexual acts, is utilitarian, and a gross violation of the personalistic norm.
None of this means there is no hope of a life in the Lord for the person of homosexual orientation. Quite the contrary; there is no reason such a person cannot live a meaningful, rich, and holy life. Every Christian, including those of homosexual orientation, is called to a life of chastity. The situation of the homosexually oriented person is no different from the Christian whose spouse is chronically ill, or separated by distance for long periods of time, nor even the unmarried person—the fact they are “deprived” of sexual relations does not translate into license to engage in illicit sexual activity. Instead, their situation can become a source of a life, rich in holiness, as they bear their “cross.” 18
Properly understood, Catholic teaching on homosexuality is one of great charity towards the person. The Church lovingly welcomes all persons, and staunchly defends the inherent human dignity of all persons, as created in the image and likeness of God. Lawler, Boyle and May provide us an excellent summation when they write:
Persons of a homosexual orientation deserve the love and support of the Christian community. They are called to friendship with God and to holiness of life, as are all human persons; and they have distinctive heavy burdens to bear. If, as many homosexuals do, they carry their burdens with generous and chaste fidelity, they support and strengthen all Christians. They become witnesses to the nobility of making great personal sacrifices to guard the great human goods sexuality is ordered to. Should they fall in their human weakness, they should still receive the compassionate concern that all persons long for. 19
- Cf. Gen 19:1-29; Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13; Rom 1:24-28; 1 Cor 6:10; 1 Tim 8-11. ↩
- Cf. CCC 2357-2359. ↩
- CCC, 2357. ↩
- Benedict M. Ashley, OP and Kevin D. O’Rourke, OP, Health Care Ethics: A Theological Analysis, Fourth Edition (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1997), 390. ↩
- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of the Homosexual Person, 1 October 1986 (http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19861001_homosexual-persons_en.html, accessed 18 February 2011), 16. ↩
- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Persona Humana, 29 December 1975 (http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19751229_persona-humana_en.html, accessed 18 February 2011), VIII. ↩
- Letter to Bishops, 3. ↩
- Ibid., 3. ↩
- Ibid., 5. ↩
- The Personalistic Norm says the person is a good towards which the only proper and adequate attitude is love (Karol Wojtyla, Love and Responsibility, 41). ↩
- Karol Wojtyla, Love and Responsibility (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993), 26, 27. ↩
- Ibid., 35-37. ↩
- Ibid., 50, 52-53. ↩
- Kenneth Baker, SJ, Fundamentals of Catholicism: Volume 1, Creed and Commandments (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1985), 220. ↩
- Ibid., 220-221. ↩
- Letter to Bishops, 7. ↩
- Rev. Ronald Lawler, OFM Cap., Joseph Boyle, Jr., and William E. May, Catholic Sexual Ethics: A Summary, Explanation, & Defense, Second Edition (Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 1998), 190. ↩
- Ibid., 192. ↩
- Lawler, Boyle and May, 192. ↩
About Steven Schultz
Yes, there are homosexual acts, but not persons—”gay” is as gay does. How does a smoker become a smoker? Answer: by smoking. And sin begets sin. Woe to him that teacheth that evil is good. Animals are not accountable for their deeds, but man has been given the gift of free choice. Actions lead to habits and habits to character and character to destiny. Choose wisely.
I would qualify the statement that the homosexual inclination is “essentially self-indulgent.” It’s self-indulgent in the same way that the inclination to take asperin is self-indulgent. Most people who engage in homosexual activity are doing so in order to receive temporary relief from emotional pain. The Church, through the cross, holds the power to truly and permanently heal the wounds that cause that pain. Pastors should reach out, in the name of Jesus, and offer truth and love.
Maria,
Taking aspirin is not a violation of a fundamental principle established by no less than God Himself in Genesis.
Eating ice cream to satisfy an emotional need (pain) – likewise.
Wearing a coat to ward off cold (pain) — likewise.
These are humanly developed solutions to naturally occuring realities — just like homosexual acts.
Sexual desire is built into humanity for the express dual purposes stated above and is to be satisfied only in the married state — which itself was instituted by God as written in Genesis.
God gave us reason and free will so that we could use them to find our way back to him with the help of His Grace. Not to thwart His purposes!